August 1921
3 August
The NSDAP establishes its own Gymnastics and Sports Division with the name “Sturmabteilung” (“Storm Detachment”).
[Overesch/Saal, p. 148]
11 August
Constitution Day is celebrated, with various festivities, for the first time. Reichskanzler Joseph Wirth holds a speech at the official ceremony on 12 August.
[Overesch/Saal, p. 148]
24 August
The Einstein Foundation’s tower observatory is opened on the Telegrafenberg in Potsdam. The observatory was designed by architect Erich Mendelsohn. The telescope supports observations to validate (or disprove) Albert Einstein’s relativity theory.
[Ebert/Wienecke-Janz, p. 150]
24-25 August
The US concludes a peace treaty with Germany and Austria. Separate peace treaties are signed with the US since the American Congress had not ratified the Treaty of Versailles or US membership in the League of Nations.
[Kolb, p. 352]
26 August
Matthias Erzberger is murdered whilst taking a walk near Griesbach. The perpetrators, Chief Lieutenant Heinrich Tillessen and Heinrich Schulz, are members of the Organisation “Consul” and the Munich “Germanenorden”. Leader of the “Germanenorden”, Captain Lieutenant Manfred von Killinger, had ordered them to assassinate Erzberger. The assassins manage to escape to Hungary and are not sentenced until 1950, when they receive prison terms of 12 and 15 years, respectively. Yet they are only forced to serve two years of these sentences. Killinger is acquitted of the charge of complicity in murder in 1922.
[Winkler, p. 161]
29 August
In reaction to the shocking assassination of Matthias Erzberger and at the Wirth government’s suggestion, the Reichspräsident issues an emergency decree (Law for the Protection of the Republic), which allows the Minister of the Interior to ban anti-Republican organizations, meetings and publications. Yet this law is not consistently implemented due to resistance from the conservative-bourgeois regional government in Bavaria. This power is therefore transferred from the Reich Minister of the Interior to the states.
[Büttner, p. 189]